Computer Memory:-
In computing memory refers to the computer hardware integrated circuit that stores information for immediate use in computer memory is a function for storing data and instructions.Types of memory:-
I. Primary Memory
II. Secondary Memory
II. Secondary Memory
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| Types of computer memory |
I. Primary Memory:- Primary memory is also known as internal memory. A memory is directly connected to microprocessor is called primary memory.
Types of primary memory are as follows :-
1. RAM(Random Access Memory) - RAM is known as primary memory/main memory/volatile memory/temporary memory. RAM can be from 32MB to 8GB.They are of two type-
•DRAM-Dynamic Random Access Memory is
a common type of RAM used in personal
computer. (Short term memory)
•SRAM-Statatic Random Access Memory
does not have to be periodically refreshed.
(Long term memory)
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| RAM(Random Access Memory) |
2. ROM(Read Only Memory) - ROM is a non-veritile/permanent/long term memory. The memory from which we can only read but can't write.
3. PROM(Programmable Read Only Memory) - PROM is read only memory that can be modified once by a user.
4. EPROM(Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) - It is programmable read only memory that can be erased and re-used. Eraser is caused by shining and intense ultraviolet light through a window thatis designed into the memory chip.
5. EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) - EEPROM is user modified ROM that can be erased and reprogrammed repeatedly through the application of higer than normal electrical voltage.
6. Virtual Memory - Virtual memory is a memory management capability of an operating system that uses hardware and software to allow a computer to compensate for physical memory shortage by temporarily transferring data from RAM to disk storage.
7. Cache Memory - Cache memory makes the processing fast by acting as a temporary fast speed holding area between mai RAM memory and CPU.
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| ROM(Read Only Memory) |
II. Secondary Memory:- Memory which is indirectly connected to the microprocessor is called secondary memory. It is slowest and cheapest form of a memory. Secondary memory are use for storing a data permanently and large amount.
Example - Magnetic disk
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| Secondary Memory |
Magnetic disk - It is secondary memory device which work on the principal of magnetization. Magnetic disk are made in magnetic plates which are store the data in the form of Read & Write. If the clockwise magnetization ‘0’ and if the anti-clockwise magnetization ‘1’. Magnetic material are co-centric circle these are known as track.
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Magnetic disk |
They are of two types :-
1. Floppy Disk Drive(FDD) - It was used for rebooting computer in old age.2. Hard Disk Drive(HDD) - It is totally based on the principles of magnetization.
Hardware:-
Basically the hardware composed with two words hard+ware that means hard component physically component of the computer is called hardware.Software:-
Software is a collection of data or computer instruction that tell the computer how to work.They are of two types:-
I. System software - System software is computer software designed to operate and control the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software.
Types of system software:-
1. Operating system - An operating system ia system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer program.2. Compiler - A compiler is a special program that processes statement written in a particular programming language and terms them into machine language or ‘code’ that a computer processor uses.
3. Utility software - It is a system software designed to help to analyze, configure optimize or maintain a computer.
4. Interpreter - Interpreter is a program that executed instruction written in a high level language.
II. Application software - Application software is computer software designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks or activities for the benefit of the user.
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| Application Software |
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