COMPUTER NETWORKS -
The process of interconnecting two or more than two computers is referred as ‘networking’. The term ‘computer network’ refers to the process of interconnecting two or more computers.
Networking is needesd to share the information and resources over the network. Networking allows the number of computers to transfer and share the information with each other.
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| Computer Networking |
Characteristics of Computer Network -
1. Resource Sharing : Resource sharing is the most common feature of computer networking. Using computer networking, we can share computer peripherals, computer files, etc.
2. Reliability : Computer networking increase the reliability of network by providing the back up facility of information. If any one of the computer fails down during data sharing, then the another computer takes place. Thus, the working in the networking does not interrupt is between.
3. Error free data transmission : The transmission of data between the nodes is almost error free.
4. Speedy : The data transmission is done at a very fast speed and thus saves time.
5. Cheaper : Information transfer and sharing is done at very less price. Through resource sharing, price of network can be minimized such a printer sharing, scanner sharing, plotter sharing, etc.
6. Remote database accessing : Using computer networking remote database can be easily be accessed.
DATA COMMUNICATION -
The word “communication” comes from the Latin word “communism”,which means “common”. Communication means tk share the information. Sharing of data can be done either between two or more persons sitting with each other,or it can done between the persons that are apart from us. It means sharing of information can either be done locally i.e. face to face or remotely i.e. at a distance apart.
The data communication consist of five main ingredients. These are :-
1. Sender : Sender transfer the message to the receiver for communication. Sender can be any device such as mobile, computers, TV, radio, workstation, etc.
2. Receiver : Receiver receives the message. After sometimes receiver replies for the message of the sender. Receiver can be any device such as mobile, computer, TV, radio, workstation, etc.
3. Message : Message is the actual data or information that needs to be communicated between the sender and the receiver. The message can be of any type or format depending on the requirement of communication between the two devices such as audio, video, text, graphics, etc.
4. Transmission Medium : Transmission medium is the any cable or medium through which data or message transmission take place. The data transmission medium can be any mode such as twisted pair cable, unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable, coaxial cable, fiber optical cable, microwaves, radio waves, satellite transmission, etc.
5. Protocol : Protocol are the set of rules that govern the transfer of data over the network. Without the use of protocols, data communication is not possible.
DATA TRANSMISSION -
Data transmission means to send data or message from one computer to another.
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| Data Transmission Process |
The process of converting analog signals to digital signals is called modulation and the process of converting digital signals to the analog signal is called demodulation.
Types of data transmission signals :-
There are two types of data transmission signals -
1. Analog Transmission : In analog transmission, data transmission takes place is the continuous manner, i.e. in waveform which changes continuously. Continuous means a set of specific points that are occurring in the transmission path.
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| Analog single transmission |
2. Digital Transmission : Digital signals are the sequence of binary number i.e. 0(zero) or 1(one). Each symbol referred as bit. Thus in the digital transmission, data transmission takes place in the discrete manner.
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| Digital Transmission |
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